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Physical and Chemical Characteristics of PCI's Stationary Phases
In order to produce the variety of stationary phases offered by Princeton Chromatography, different chemical functionalities are covalently bonded onto totally porous particles of silica. Particles are available in various sizes and shapes, and with a range of pore sizes. The various bonded groups are described below. After a primary bonding, some phases are endcapped to further reduce the number of residual silanols.
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| Particle Shape |
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| PrincetonSPHER materials are spherical in shape while PrincetonSORB and PharmaBond materials are irregular. Higher column efficiencies are obtained with spherical particles than with irregular particles than with irregular particles because spherical particles can form more tightly packed beds thereby reducing the column void volume. |
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| Particle Size |
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| Particle size is the diameter of the stationary phase particle in microns (µ). The particle sizes quoted are the mean size for that material. Princeton Chromatography carefully monitors the particle size distribution of its stationary phases to maintain batch to batch reproducibility. Princeton Chromatography offers particles sizes of 10, 5 and 3 microns. Smaller particles offer more efficiency but produce higher back pressure. Extra care must be given to filtration of samples and mobile phases when using 5 and 3µ particles compared to 10µ particles. Particle size codes are given in Table 1, and are incorporated into the column Part # at the "µ" position. |
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| Pore Size |
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| Pore Size is the average size of the pores in the particle stationary phase in angstroms (Å). The amount of surface area in meters squared, which is available for bonding, and therefore available for analyte retention, is dependent on pore size. A larger pore size means bigger holes in the particle, leaving less surface area than would many smaller holes. The higher the surface area, the higher the carbon-load. Princeton Chromatography offers stationary phases with pore sizes of 60, 100, 125, 200, and 300Å. Pore size codes are given in Table 2. |
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| Bonding Chemistry |
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| Princeton Chromatography offers a variety of different covalently bonded chemical functionalities. These bonded phase codes are given in Table 3. |
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| Column Dimensions |
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| Column Dimensions are described by the column length, either in cm or mm, and the column inside diameter in mm. The size of the column is determined by its intended use by the particle size of the stationary phase. For example, 3 micron particles are packed in shorter column lengths because a 250mm column would, under usual circumstances, generate too much back pressure for a typical HPLC system. Also, because the 3 micron particles are very efficient, a shorter column probably has enough theoretical plates for the required separation. The typical analytical column inside diameter has been 4.6mm. In order to reduce the volume of the column effluent, operators of LC-MS systems have looked toward smaller ID columns. Princeton Chromatography offers analytical columns in column ID's of 4.6, 4.0, 3.0, and 2.0mm. Prep columns are available in ID's of 10.0, 21.2, 30.0, and 50mm. In addition to these sizes, Princeton Chromatography offers PharmaBOND columns in the 300 x 3.9mm size used by Waters for their µBondapak columns. |
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| Building the Princeton Chromatography Part# |
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| The Princeton Chromatography Part# Code: |
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| mmm/mmm: Represents the column dimensions. The first three are the column length in millimeters (mm), the next three represent the column ID in millimeters (mm).
ÅÅ: Represents the pore size in angstroms. Refer to Table 2
µ: Represents the particle size code. Refer to Table 1
BP: Represents the code for the bonded phase.
Refer to Table 3
Note: The part # codes are also given in the price list. |
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| Table 1: Particle Size Codes |
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| Table 2: Pore Size Codes |
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| Code |
Å |
| 01 |
60 |
| 03 |
100 |
| 05 |
125 |
| 07 |
200 |
| 08 |
300 |
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| Table 3: Bonded Phases |
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| E= Endcapped N= Non-Endcapped |
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| Code |
Phase |
E/N |
Code |
Phase |
E/N |
Code |
Phase |
E/N |
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| 01 |
C18 |
E |
17 |
WCX |
N |
50 |
C-18 Polymeric |
N |
| 02 |
C8 |
E |
18 |
WAX |
N |
51 |
Diphenyl |
E |
| 03 |
C6 |
E |
19 |
PSCX |
N |
70 |
HTS |
E |
| 04 |
C4 |
N |
21 |
Ultima C-18 |
E |
71 |
C-27 |
E |
| 05 |
Phenyl |
E |
22 |
Ultima C-8 |
E |
72 |
SEC, aq |
N |
| 06 |
PFP |
E |
23 |
Ultima Phenyl |
E |
73 |
SEC, org |
N |
| 07 |
Cyano |
N |
29 |
Mono-OH |
N |
74 |
C-30 |
N |
| 08 |
Amino |
N |
31 |
C18/NH2 |
N |
75 |
DEA |
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| 09 |
Diol |
N |
32 |
C18/COOH |
N |
76 |
Benzamide |
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| 10 |
Silica |
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33 |
C18/SO3H |
N |
77 |
EP |
N |
| 11 |
D-DNB-LEU |
N |
34 |
C8/NH2 |
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78 |
Omni-C-18 |
E |
| 12 |
L-DNB-LEU |
N |
35 |
C8/COOH |
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79 |
Diol-HL |
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| 13 |
D-DNB-PHGLY |
N |
36 |
C8/SO3H |
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80 |
PA |
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| 14 |
L-DNB-PHGLY |
N |
41 |
Fluoro-Propyl |
N |
81 |
DCI-Urea |
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| 15 |
SCX |
N |
42 |
Fluoro-Octyl |
E |
82 |
Pyridine-Urea |
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| 16 |
SAX |
N |
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| PFP: pentafluorophenyl |
DEA: diethylamino |
| DNB-LEU: dinitrobenzoyl |
EP: ethylpyridine |
| DNB-PHGLY: dinitrobenzoyl phenylglycine |
Diol-HL: High load Diol |
| PSCX: phenyl strong cation exchanger |
PA: propylacetamide |
| HTS: High throughput screening |
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